Nephrology

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the tiny filters in kidneys (glomeruli). Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from your bloodstream and pass them into your urine. Glomerulonephritis can come on suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic).

An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder or urethra. Urinary tract infections are more common in women. They usually occur in the bladder or urethra, but more serious infections involve the kidney. Pain areas: in the bladder, groin, lower abdomen, or pelvis.

A small, hard deposit that forms in the kidneys and is often painful when passed. Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and acid salts that stick together in concentrated urine. They can be painful when passing through the urinary tract, but usually don't cause permanent damage.

Acute kidney disease occurs when the kidneys suddenly stop functioning for a short period of time. This can range from one day to a few weeks. The lack of blood filtration leads to the accumulation of toxins and electrolytes in the body which can be severe.

Also known as chronic kidney failure, chronic kidney disease is the loss of function of the kidneys over a long period of time. If the problem is not addressed earlier, then the patient may suffer permanent kidney failure, which is not reversible.