Melasma is a common acquired skin disorder that presents as a bilateral, blotchy, brownish facial pigmentation.
Symptoms and complication:
Melasma presents as bilateral, asymptomatic, light-to-dark brown macules or patches with irregular borders.
Melasma can have a severe impact on quality of life due to its visibility.
Causes and prevention:
The cause of melasma is complex; it has been proposed to be a photoageing disorder in genetically predisposed individuals.
Risk Factors:
Family history, Sun exposure, Hormones — pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, Medications and scented products
Diagnosis: Clinical, Woods lamp
Treatment:
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General measures: Year-round, life-long sun protection — broad-brimmed hat, broad-spectrum sunscreen
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Discontinue hormonal contraception if possible
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Cosmetic camouflage.
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Topical therapy: Azelaic acid, Kojic acid, Ascorbic acid, etc
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Oral Tranexamic acid
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Chemical peels and lasers